DRYING-DRIVEN STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF BIOPOLYMER–MXENE HYBRID GELS ELECTRODES TOWARD REDUCED ACTIVE MATERIAL LOADING

Douglas Scarabello; Francisco Vieira dos Santos; Rafael Resende Assis Silva; Murilo Henrique Moreira Facure; Luiza Amim Mercante; Daniel Souza Correa

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Trabalho

Título do Trabalho

DRYING-DRIVEN STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF BIOPOLYMER–MXENE HYBRID GELS ELECTRODES TOWARD REDUCED ACTIVE MATERIAL LOADING

Autores

Douglas Scarabello
Francisco Vieira dos Santos
Rafael Resende Assis Silva
Murilo Henrique Moreira Facure
Luiza Amim Mercante
Daniel Souza Correa

Modalidade

Pôster - resumo

Área temática

Dispositivos eletrônicos, eletroquímicos, supercapacitores e baterias

Data de Publicação

27/05/2026

País da Publicação

Brasil

Idioma da Publicação

pt-BR

Página do Trabalho

https://www.even3.com.br/anais/workshop-do-ineo-2026/1462391-drying-driven-structural-optimization-of-biopolymermxene-hybrid-gels-electrodes-toward-reduced-active-material-

ISBN

978-65-272-2467-9

Palavras-Chave

Supercapacitors, MXene, Biopolymers, Aerogels

Resumo

MXene has emerged as a leading 2D material for electrochemical energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity and rich surface chemistry[1,2]. However, the self-restacking of nanosheets limits ion accessibility and reduces active material utilization within dense electrodes[1,3]. Recent studies indicate that performance improvements in MXene-based systems require enhanced structural efficiency and interfacial stability within the electrode architecture[2,4,5]. Although MXene–polymer hybrid gels have been widely explored, the influence of drying pathways on structure–property relationships and active material efficiency remains insufficiently clarified[5–8]. We investigate whether a biopolymer–MXene hybrid architecture can retain electrochemical performance while reducing the MXene content to one-quarter of that used in pristine MXene electrodes, and how solvent removal governs the resulting microstructure and charge-storage behavior. Specifically, hybrid gels were prepared by incorporating Ti3C2T? MXene into a cellulose-based biopolymeric matrix and processed via ambient drying (xerogels), freeze-drying (cryogels), and supercritical drying (aerogels). The effect of drying route on shrinkage, density, and structural connectivity was systematically examined. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the structural integration of MXene lamellae within the polymer network, with drying-dependent organization. XPS and FT-IR analyses indicated interfacial interactions between MXene surface terminations and biopolymer functional groups, suggesting stabilization of the hybrid framework [8,9]. Electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography revealed that ambient drying induces controlled densification, leading to a compact yet interconnected architecture. Despite exhibiting a lower nitrogen-accessible surface area than the aerogel, the xerogel displayed enhanced structural utilization efficiency. Gravimetric capacitance measured in 3 M H2SO4 at 2 mV·s-¹ yielded comparable values of 95 F·g-¹, 91 F·g-¹, and 100 F·g-¹ for aerogel, cryogel, and xerogel electrodes, respectively, normalized to the total electrode mass. Notably, the xerogel approaches the 120 F·g-¹ obtained for pristine MXene electrodes prepared and evaluated under identical conditions, despite containing fourfold less MXene. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated preserved ionic accessibility and stable charge-transfer characteristics, with drying-dependent variations in low-frequency response, which reflects distinct ion transport regimes across xerogel, cryogel, and aerogel architectures [10]. These findings demonstrate that controlled densification and interfacial stabilization can partially compensate for reduced active material content by improving structural efficiency. Furthermore, ambient drying eliminates solvent exchange and high-pressure processing steps, providing a simplified, more affordable, and potentially scalable fabrication pathway to decrease MXene consumption while maintaining competitive supercapacitor performance. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the financial support from FAPESP (22/05316-5, 24/06740-0, and 2025/27044-5) and CNPq (408449/2024-1). References: [1] M.H.M. Facure, K. Matthews, R. Wang, R.W. Lord, D.S. Correa, Y. Energy Storage Mater. 61 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2023.102919. [2] D.M. Saju, R. Sapna, U. Deka, K. Hareesh, J. Power Sources 647 (2025) 237302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237302. [3] X. Bi, Y. Shi, S. Ge, B. Bin Xu, X. Li, X. He, R. Huang, Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 7 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00877-8. [4] H. Liu, H. Du, T. Zheng, K. Liu, X. Ji, T. Xu, X. Zhang, C. Si, Chemical Engineering Journal 426 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130817. [5] J.A.A. Fotius, M.H.M. Facure, D.S. Correa, E. Carrilho, H. da Silva Barud, H.P. de Oliveira, Journal of Materials Research 2025 40:9 40 (2025) 1417–1432. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-025-01588-6. [6] N. Buchtová, T. Budtova, Cellulose 23 (2016) 2585–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0960-8. [7] T.Q. Zhang, S. Hao, J.K. Zhao, Z.Q. Jia, H.W. Tan, Y. Yang, L.A. Hou, J. Hazard. Mater. 463 (2024) 132866. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2023.132866. [8] Y. Lu, J. Bai, B. Sun, N. Li, Z. Yang, H. Yu, C. Wang, C. Gu, H. Liu, P. Tang, Q. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 521 (2025) 145910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145910. [9] A. Sarycheva, Y. Gogotsi, Chem. Mater 2020 (2020) 43. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00359. [10] A.C. Lazanas, M.I. Prodromidis, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy A Tutorial, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00070.

Título do Evento: Workshop do INEO 2026
Cidade do Evento: Nazaré Paulista
Título dos Anais do Evento: Anais do Workshop do INEO 2026
Nome da Editora: Even3
Meio de Divulgação: Meio Digital

Como citar

SCARABELLO, Douglas et al.. DRYING-DRIVEN STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF BIOPOLYMER–MXENE HYBRID GELS ELECTRODES TOWARD REDUCED ACTIVE MATERIAL LOADING.. In: Anais do Workshop do INEO 2026. Anais...Nazaré Paulista(SP) Hotel Estância Atibainha, 2026. Disponível em: https//www.even3.com.br/anais/workshop-do-ineo-2026/1462391-DRYING-DRIVEN-STRUCTURAL-OPTIMIZATION-OF-BIOPOLYMERMXENE-HYBRID-GELS-ELECTRODES-TOWARD-REDUCED-ACTIVE-MATERIAL-. Acesso em: 10/08/2026