{{viewModel.configuracaoAnais.tituloAnais}}

Preface

The 2^nd Symposium on The Biology of Galls (2^nd SBG) occurred from February 25^th to 27^th, 2021, gathering researchers of different expertise. This book reunites the abstracts of this event, with an inherent diversity of approaches, which are uniquely brought by the study on the biology of galls. Besides the abstracts of the lectures and videoposters presented in the 2^nd SBG, this book also counts with an honorable article written by Dr. Jane E. Kraus, Renê G.S. Carneiro, and Rosy M.S. Isaias, a brief history of studies on the Biology of Galls worldwide and in Brazil.

Perspectives on the organization of the 2^nd SBG was born during the first edition of the event, in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in November 2018. The idea of the Symposium on the Biology of Galls was to reunite researchers, professors, and students from distinct universities and institutions to discuss the advances in the field of Cecidology in distinct fields of research. The presential event occurred in Ouro Preto allowed the discussion of interdisciplinary topics, an immersive experience of field works, and the establishment of research partnerships among Brazilian and foreigner groups.

Engaging a similar event, with rich discussions among students involved in the studies on gall biology, the organizers proposed the 2^nd Symposium on The Biology of Galls at Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The organizing committee had the mission to maintain the quality, interdisciplinarity and integration offered by the first edition of the event. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and our plans had to be changed.

With the financial support by the FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Ref. 210.357/2020), the organizing committee decided to adapt the event to an online version, required by the financial agency due to the pandemic restrictions. The mission of the 2nd Symposium on The Biology of Galls in an online version was to offer our students and interested researchers a comprehensive view of the most current topics on the Biology of Galls, and to narrow geographic gaps between the researchers of distinct regions and expertise. The event promoted and celebrated the integrative facet of Cecidology among students and researchers, setting new ideas and questions for their current study systems by rich, evidence-based, and interdisciplinary discussions.

The 2^nd SBG reunited people from around the world, with 191 subscribers in the event website (https://www.even3.com.br/2ndbiologyofgalls), 16 lecturers, and 15 videoposter presenters. Even though the subscription in the event website was free of charge, the event was broadcasted in YouTube for any interested person. The lives reached 600 views during the transmission in the first day (February 25^th, 2021), with a peak of 81 simultaneous views; 348 views in the second day (Feb 26^th), with a peak of 67 simultaneous views; and 307 views in the third day (Feb 27^th), with peaks of 51 simultaneous views. The videos of the event are yet available in the channel of the Neotropical Gall Group (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ5MoGbXiYZyRwkTHZ2ZhoQ).

The participation of the public was successful, as can be attested by the interactions among the audience in the YouTube chat, the lecturers and the videoposter presenters with questions, comments, and suggestions about their contributions. We invite you to watch the videos and remember the best moments of the 2^nd Symposium on the Biology of Galls, and also to read the abstracts of the most current topics on the Cecidology around the world. As a continuous effort to maintain the spirit of the SBG alive, we invite all gall researchers and enthusiasts around the world to contact us, and to contribute for the next events, when we hope to aggregate further perspectives on the fascinating universe of Cecidology.

The organizing committee

March 2021

The 2^nd Symposium on the Biology of Galls

The Organizing Committee

·         Dr. Bruno Garcia Ferreira – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (President of the 2^nd SBG)

·         Dr. Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (President of the Scientific Commission of the 2^nd SBG)

·         Dr. Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro – Universidade Federal de Goiás (Vice-president of the Scientific Commission of the 2^nd SBG)

·         Dr. Valéria Cid Maia – Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

·         Dr. Denis Coelho de Oliveira - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

·         Dr. Marcelo Guerra Santos – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Institucional support

·         Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

o   Instituto de Biologia

o   Botany Graduate Program at Museu Nacional

o   Zoology Graduate Program at Museu Nacional

·         Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)

o   Instituto de Ciências Biológicas

·         Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

o   Plant Biology Graduate Program

·         Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

o   Ecology Graduate Program

Financial support

·         FAPERJ (Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) (Ref. 210.357/2020).

Organization of the online transmission and mediation of the event

·         Chapters (Iniciação Botânica):

o   Ana Maria Abreu Santos

o   Gabriel Barros da Silva

o   João Victor Cerqueira Nunes

o   Sabrina Vasconcelos Caram

o   Wallyson Herbet da Silva

Artwork conception and execution

·         Marcelo Tomé Kubo

Lecturers of the 2^nd Symposium on The Biology of Galls

·         Dr. Beryn Otienko – Research scientist/Entomologist and Assistant regional Director at KEFRI – Kenya Forest Research Institute, Kenya.

·         Dr. Daniel Burckhardt – Volunteer Entomologist at the Naturhistorisches museum Basel, Switzerland.

·         Dr. Jack Schltuz – Senior Executive Director of Research Development - University of Toledo, Toledo, USA.

·         Dr. Kevin Floate – Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Alberta, Canada

·         Dr. Christian Villagra – Researcher in Entomology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology - Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.

·         Dr. Adriano Cavalleri – Adjunct Professor of the Departamento de Zoologia, FURG (Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande), Brazil.

·         Dr. Bruno Garcia Ferreira – Adjunct Professor of the Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

·         Dr. Dalva Queiroz – Researcher of the EMBRAPA Florestas

·         Dr. Denis Coelho de Oliveira – Associate Professor of the Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr. Milton de Souza Mendonça Jr – Associate Professor of the Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr. Gilson Rudinei Pires Moreira – Full Professor of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr. Jarcilene Silva Almeida-Cortez – Full Professor of the Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr. Marcelo Guerra Santos – Associate Professor of the Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr. Renê Gomçalves da Silva Carneiro – Adjunct Professor of the Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil.

·         Dr. Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias – Full Professor of the Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

·         Dr.Valéria Cid Maia – Full Professor of the Departamento de Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Researcher of the Research National Concil (CNPq, Brazil).

Presentations of the 2^nd Symposium on The Biology of Galls

Day 1 - February 25th, 2021

·         Opening Lecture: Gall-inducing Psylloidea (Hemiptera) in the light of recent phylogenetic and taxonomic studies (Dr. Daniel Burckhardt - Entomologist, expert in Psyllidae biology and taxonomy, co-evolution of Psylloidea and their host plants, among other research topics)

·         Session 1: Gall inducers

•         Psyllid gallers (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) as plant pests (Dr. Dalva Luiz de Queiroz, EMBRAPA Florestas, Brazil, and Dr. Daniel Burckhardt, Natural History Museum - Basel, Switzerland)

•         Cecidomyiidae: State of the Art in Brazil (Dr. Valeria Cid Maia (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

•         Thysanoptera and their galls (Dr. Adriano Cavalleri, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil)

•         Galls induced by cecidosid moths in the Neotropics (Dr. Gilson Rudinei Pires Moreira (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

·         Videoposters: Taxonomy and diversity of gall inducers

•         Insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil: richness and geographic distribution (Ismael Cividini Flor, Alene Ramos Rodrigues, Sharlene Ascendino Horacio da Silva, Barbara Proença do Nascimento, Valéria Cid Maia).

•         Spatial and temporal distribution of galling species in Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.: a super-host plant (Stella Sposito, Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães, Fernando Rodrigues da Silva)

•         Checklist of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in the state of Bahia (Northeastern Brazil) (Bruno Gomes da Silva, Valéria Cid Maia)

•         A new species of Brethesiamyia Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Colombia with description of immature forms (Esau Adenawer Ospina-Peñuela, Francisco Serna, Carlos José Einicker Lamas, Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães)

•         New State Record of Two Gall Midge Species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) In Brazil (Barbara Proença do Nascimento, Valéria Cid Maia)

Day 2 – February 26th, 2021

·         Session 2 - Gall ecology and interactions

•         Broad host acceptance for oviposition does not go well with Leptocybe invasa (Dr. Beryn Otieno, Kenya Forest Research Institute, Kenya)

•         The curious case of Nothotrioza spp. associated to Psidium spp. In Brazil (Dr. Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil)

•         Semiochemical interactions between plants, cecidogenic insects and their associates (Dr. Cristian Villagra, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile)

·         Session 3: Galls: From ecological to molecular complexities

•         A possible case of gall wasp speciation induced by endosymbiotic bacteria (Dr. Kevin Floate, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada)

•         Building networks out of galls: complex tritrophic interactions (Dr. Milton de Souza Mendonça Júnior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

•         What transcriptomics can - and cannot - tell us about gall development (Dr. Jack Schultz, University of Toledo, USA)

·         Videoposters: Gall distribution and cool science

•         Latitudinal gradients in cynipid species diversity provides open niche opportunities for poleward range expansions (Dylan Jones, Kirsten Prior)

•         Phenological synchronism strategies and abundance of five Lopesia galls (Cecidomyiidae) with the super-host Mimosa gemmulata (Fabaceae) (Elaine Cotrim Costa, Vitor Martini, Aline Silva de Souza, José Pires Lemos Filho, Denis Coelho de Oliveira, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         My Gall, My Life – a comic book (Pedro Henrique Pereira Gonçalves, Uiara Costa Rezende, Denis Coelho de Oliveira)

•         The curious case of ants that live in galls: creativity toward scientific communication (Nina de Castro Jorge, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         Galls from inside out: didactic game (Rosy Mary S. Isaias, Elaine Cotrim Costa)

Day 3 – February 27^th, 2021

·         Videoposters: Gall structure and functioning

•         Cell wall traits of galls in Caatinga environment (Ravena Malheiros Nogueira, Elaine Cotrim Costa, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         Woolly apple aphid stem galls (Mariana De Sousa Costa Freitas, Ravena Malheiros Nogueira, Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         Nematode-induced galls show host-specific signatures in their structure (Igor Abba Arriola, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         Anatomical and histochemical implications of sexually dimorphic galls induced by Eriogallococcus isaias (Eriococcidae) on Pseudobombax grandiflorum (Malvaceae) (Ana Flávia De Melo Silva, Thiago Alves Magalhães, Denis Coelho de Oliveira, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

•         Could a sexual dimorphism of the gall inducing insect Lopesia mataybae (Cecidomyiidae) determine different morphotypes of galls in Matayba Guianensis (Sapindaceae)? (Pedro Henrique Pereira Gonçalves, Uiara Costa Rezende, Denis Coelho de Oliveira)

•         Xylem differentiation controled by Cecidomyiidae on Inga ingoides (Fabaceae) (Gracielle Pereira Pimenta Bragança, Mariana De Sousa Costa Freitas, Rosy Mary S. Isaias)

·         Session 4 - Multidisciplinary approaches in the study of galls

•         Deciphering new gall models: our story with Ditylenchus (Dr. Bruno Garcia Ferreira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

•         Diversity of galls: dry Forest x rain Forest (Dr. Jarcilene Almeida Cortez, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil)

•         Galls as fascinating models in biological studies (Dr. Denis Coelho de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil)

·         Final lecture: Another brick in gall walls (Dr. Rosy M. S. Isaias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil)